Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences
2024, Volume 3, Issue 3 : 98-107 doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15776350
Research Article
Application of Cloud Point in Spectrophotometric Determination of Drugs
Lamya A. Sarsam
DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15776350
Received
June 10, 2023
Revised
March 28, 2024
Accepted
April 10, 2024
Published
July 1, 2024
Abstract

Cloud Point Extraction (CPE) technique depends on the preconcentration of material in aqueous medium, and it is known that the surfactants in the mentioned technique could concentrate these materials. The CPE technique receives great attention because of the simplicity and speed of the method, and the extraction process is beneficial by improving the experimental conditions by adjusting the acidity function, temperature, type of electrolyte, extraction time and surfactant concentration. The surfactant leads to the phase separation of the so-called surfactant-rich phase and the surfactant aqueous phase. The comparison of the maximum temperature with the critical temperature is called the cloud point temperature which will be Then the substance to be analyzed is concentrated and the preconcentration factor is high. This article describe the applications of CPE method in the determination of different drugs using deferent reactions and various reagents.

Keywords
Cloud point
Drugs
Spectrophotometry
Surfactant
REFERENCES
  1. Abood, N. K., Hassan, M. J. M., & Al-Da’amy, M. A. (2019). Spectrophotometric determination methyldopa and salbutamol by oxidative coupling, cloud point and flow injection in pharmaceutical formulations. International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology, 9(2), 182-192. https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.9.2.11
  2. Almeida Bezerra M, Zezzi Arruda MA, & Costa Ferreira SL, (2005). Cloud Point Extraction as a Procedure of Separation and Pre‐Concentration for Metal Determination Using Spectroanalytical Techniques: A Review. Appl Spectrosc Rev 40:269–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/05704920500230880
  3. Bazregar M, Rajabi M, Yamini Y, Beydokhti SA, & Asghari A, (2018). Centrifugeless dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on salting-out phenomenon followed by high performance liquid chromatography for determination of Sudan dyes in different species. Food Chemistry, 244:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.006
  4. Bişgin AT, Uçan M, & Narin I, (2015). Comparison of Column Solid-Phase Extraction Procedures for Spectrophotometric Determination of E129 (Allura Red) in Foodstuff, Pharmaceutical, and Energy Drink Samples. Journal of AOAC International, 98: 946-952. https://doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.14-222
  5. BİŞGİN, A. T. Gıda Maddelerindeki Allura Kırmızısının (E129) Bulutlanma Noktası Ekstraksiyonu ve Spektrofotometrik Tayini. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(4), 239-246. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.397479
  6. Bosch Ojeda & F. Sánchez Rojas. (2009). Separation and preconcentration by a cloud point extraction procedure for determination of metals: an overview. Anal Bioanal Chem, Vol.394:759–782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-2660-9
  7. Candir S, Narin I, & Soylak M, (2008). Ligandless cloud point extraction of Cr(III), Pb(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Bi(III) and Cd(II) ions in environmental samples with Tween 80 and flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination. Talanta, 77: 289-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2008.06.024
  8. Dhahir, S. A., & Mahdi, S. (2017). Spectrophotometric Determination and Cloud point Extraction of Lamotrigine Drug in Pure Form and Pharmaceutical preparation”, Review Article. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, 6(5), 78-104. https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpps20175-9049
  9. Dhahir, S. A., & Mohammed, N. J. (2019). Micro Spectrophotometric Determination Streptomycin Sulfate by Cloud point Extraction in pure form and pharmaceutical preparation. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 11(4), 1621-1628. https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpps20175-9049
  10. Elham Ghasemi & Massoud Kaykhaii, (2016). Application of a Novel Micro-Cloud Point Extraction for Preconcentration and Spectrophotometric Determination of Azo Dyes. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., Vol. 27, No. 9, 1521-1526. https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20160030
  11. Elham Ghasemi & Massoud Kaykhaii. (2015). Developing a New Micro Cloud Point Extraction Method for Simultaneous Preconcentration and Spectrophotometric Determination of Uranium and Vanadium in Brine. Analytical Sciences, 31, Issue 5 ,407-411. https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.31.407
  12. Elham Ghasemi & Massoud Kaykhaii. (2016). Micro-Cloud Point Extraction for Preconcentration of Aspirin in Commercial Tablets Prior to Spectrophotometric Determination. Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 71,8, 844–848. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1061934816080074
  13. Hafez, E. M. (2017). Ragaa El Shiekh, Alaa S Amin, Ayman A Gouda,’Cloud point extraction of vardenafil HCl from pharmaceutical formulations prior to spectrophotometric determination. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(5), 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/90.3.686
  14. Hassan, M. J. M., & Mizher, O. Q. (2018). New spectrophotometric estimation and cloud point extraction of cefdinir. Baghdad Science Journal, 15(4), 0425-0425. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2018.15.4.0425
  15. Hayati FILIK, Izzet S¸ENER, Sema Demirci CEKIÇ, Emine KıLıÇ & Resat, ApAk, (2006). Spectrophotometric Determination of Paracetamol in Urine with Tetrahydroxycalix arene as a Coupling Reagent and Preconcentration with Triton X-114 Using Cloud Point Extraction. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 54(6) ,891-896. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.54.891
  16. Heidarizadi & Tabaraki R, (2016). Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of synthetic dyes in food samples after cloud point extraction using multiple response optimizations. Talanta, 148: 237-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.075
  17. Hind Hadi Abdullah. (2017). Cloud-point extraction and spectrophotometric determination of clonazepam in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop., 31(3), 373-382. https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v31i3.2
  18. Hinze WL, & Pramauro E. (2006). A Critical Review of Surfactant-Mediated Phase Separations (Cloud-Point Extractions): Theory and Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem., 24:133–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408349308048821
  19. Karatepe A, Akalın Ç, & Soylak M, (2017). Spectrophotometric determination of carmoisine after cloud point extraction using Triton X-114. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 41: 256-262. https://doi.org/10.3906/kim-1606-45
  20. Katarzyna Madej, (2009). Microwave-assisted and cloud-point extraction in determination of drugs and other bioactive compounds. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 28, No. 4,436-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2009.02.002
  21. Katsoyannos, E., Gortzi, O., Chatzilazarou, A., Athanasiadis, V., Tsaknis, J., & Lalas, S., J. Sep. Sci., (2012). Evaluation of the suitability of low hazard surfactants for the separation of phenols and carotenoids from red-flesh orange juice and olive mill wastewater using cloud point extraction. J Sep Sci, 35, 19, 2665. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201200356
  22. Khammas, Z. A., & Mubdir, N. S. (2015). Cloud point extraction spectrophotometric method for mutual determination of norfloxacin and iron (III) in human serum and drug formulations. Chemical Science, 4(2), 483-497. https://doi.org/10.7598/cst2015.990
  23. Khammas, Z.A.A.; Jawad, S.K.; Ali, & I.R. (2014). A new approach for extraction and determination of manganese in environmental samples using cloud-pointextraction coupled with spectrophotometry. Chem. Sci. Trans., 3, 255-267. https://doi.org/10.7598/cst2014.505
  24. Khammas, Z.A.A.; Jawad, S.K.; Ali, & I.R., (2013). A new spectrophotometric determination of chromium (VI) as Cr2O7 2- after cloud-point extraction using a laboratory made organic reagent. Global J. Sci. Frontier Res. Chem., 13, 9-19.
  25. Lemos VA, Franc RSD, & Moreira BO, (2007). Cloud point extraction for Co and Ni determination in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Separation and Purification Technology, 54: 349-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2006.10.004
  26. Li X, Song N, Feng W, & Jia Q, (2017). Cloud point extraction of rare earths and zinc using 1,10- phenanthroline and Triton X-114 coupled with microwave plasma torch-atomic emission spectrometry. Analytical Methods, 9: 5333-5338. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ay00421d
  27. Magda A. Akl, Ammar S. AL-Rabasi & Ahmed Fathi Melouk, (2021). Cloud Point Extraction and FAAS Determination of Copper(II) at Trace Level in Environmental Samples using N-benzamido-N'-benzoyl thiocarbamide and CTAB. Egypt. J. Chem, 64, 1, 313 – 322. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2020.36387.2752
  28. Majedi, S.M., Lee, H.K., & Kelly, B.C. (2012). Chemometric analytical approach for the cloud point extraction and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric determination of zinc oxide nanoparticles in water samples. Anal. Chem., 84, no. 15, p. 6546-6552. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac300833t
  29. Mashhadizadeh, M. H., & Jafari, L. (2010). Cloud point extraction and spectrophotometric determination of codeine in pharmaceutical and biological samples. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society, 7, 678-684. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03246057
  30. McIntire GL. (1990). Micelles in analytical chemistry. Crit Rev Anal Chem, 21:257–278.
  31. Nambiar AP, Sanyal M, & Shrivastav PS, (2017). Performance Evaluation and Thermodynamic Studies for the Simultaneous Cloud Point Extraction of Erythrosine and Tartrazine Using Mixed Micelles in Food Samples. Food Analytical Methods, 10: 3471-3480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-0923-1
  32. Paleologos EK, Giokas DL, & Karayannis MI, (2005). Micelle-mediated separation and cloud-point extraction. Trends Anal Chem., 24:426–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2005.01.013
  33. Pincemaille, A. Banc , E. Chauveau , J.-M. Fromental , L. Ramos, M.-H. Morel & P. Menut. (2018). Methods for Screening Cloud Point Temperatures. Food Biophysics, 13:422–431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11483-018-9548-1
  34. Pourreza N, & Zareian M, (2009). Determination of Orange II in food samples after cloud point extraction using mixed micelles. Journal of Hazardous Materials 165: 1124-1127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.132
  35. Quina FH & Hinze WL. (1999). Surfactant-Mediated Cloud Point Extractions: An Environmentally Benign Alternative Separation Approach. Ind Eng Chem Res., 38:4150–4168. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie980389n
  36. Rubio S, & Perez-Bendito D. (2003). Supra-Molecular Assemblies for Extracting Organic Compounds. Trends Anal Chem 22:470–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-9936(03)00706-4
  37. Sanz-Medel A, Campa MDF, Gonzalez EB, & Fernandez-Sanchez ML. (1999). Organised surfactant assemblies in analytical atomic spectrometry. Spectrochim Acta, Part B 54:251–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0584-8547(98)00241-9
  38. Sarsam, L. A., & Theia'a, N. (2024). Application of Cloud Point in Spectrophotometric Determination of Drugs, Overview. Scientific Journal for Faculty of Science-Sirte University, 4(1), 98-108.
  39. Shariati, S. & Golshekan, M., (2014). Optimization of cloud point extraction of copper with neocuproine from aqueous solutions using Taguchi fractional factorial design. J. Anal. Chem., 69, 3, 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1061934814030125
  40. Shi Z, He J, & Chang W, (2004). Micelle-mediated extraction of tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge with analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. Talanta, 64: 401-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2004.03.001
  41. Shihab, I. A., & Al-Sabha, T. N. (2020). Application of cloud point method for spectrophotometric determination of Salbutamol sulphate and Methyldopa. Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry, 21(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.02
  42. Silva MF, Cerutti ES, & Martinez LD. (2006). Coupling Cloud Point Extraction to Instrumental Detection Systems for Metal Analysis. Microchim Acta 155:349–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-006-0511-3
  43. Sosa-Ferrera Z, Padron-Sanz C, Mahugo-Santana C, & Santana-Rodriguez J., (2004). The Use of Micellar Systems in the Extraction and Pre-Concentration of Organic Pollutans in the Environmental Samples. Trends Anal Chem 23:469–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-9936(04)00732-0
  44. Stalikas CD, (2002). Micelle-Mediated Extraction as a Tool for Separation and Preconcentration in Metal Analysis. Trends Anal Chem 21:343–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-9936(02)00502-2
  45. Surme Y, Narin I, Soylak M, Yuruk H, & Dogan M, (2007). Cloud point extraction procedure for flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of lead(II) in sediment and water samples. Microchimica Acta, 157: 193-199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-006-0671-1
  46. Tabrizi, A. B. (2006). A cloud point extraction-spectrofluorimetric method for determination of thiamine in urine. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 27(10), 1604-1608. https://doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2006.27.10.1604
  47. Ulusoy, S., & Akçay, M. (2018). Simultaneous determination of vitamins B1 and B2 in food samples by modified cloud point extraction method and HPLC-DAD. Food analytical methods, 11(1), 260-269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-0996-x
  48. Wahdan, K., Alnedawi, Z., Hassan, A. M., Hadi, H., & Shabana, A. (2021). Cloud Point Pre-concentration with Spectrophotometric De-tection for Determination of Oxymetazoline in Pharmaceuti-cal Formulations. Chemical Sciences Journal,12, (3), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2022.13.s05.106
  49. Watanabe, H. & Tanaka, H., (1978). A non-ionic surfactant as a new solvent for liquid-liquid extraction of zinc(II) with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol. Talanta, 25, 585-589. https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(78)80151-9
  50. Xiaoman Maia, Yingtao Liua, Xunyou Tanga,c, Liping Wangc, Yuyang Lina, Huiyun Zengb, Laicheng Luob, Huajun Fana, & Pingfan Lid. (2020). Sequential extraction and enrichment of flavonoids from Euonymus alatus by ultrasonic-assisted polyethylene glycol-based extraction coupled to temperature-induced cloud point extraction. Ultrasonics - Sonochemistry, 66, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105073
  51. Yu Y, & Fan Z, (2016). Determination of Rhodamine B in Beverages Using a Polystyrene-Coated Magnetite Nanocomposite for Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction. Analytical Letters, 49: 1835-1846. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2015.1124112
  52. Zuhair A-A. Khammas*, Hawraa M. Abdulkareem,(2016). A New Visible Spectrophotometric Approach for Mutual Determination of Amoxicillin and Metoclopramide Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals After Cloud Point Extraction. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 4(5): 66-76. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160405.12
  53. Zuhair A-A. Khammas, (2009). Recent Trends for Separation and Preconcentration in Metal Ions and Organic Compounds Analysis after Clould -Point Methodology: Developments and Analytical Applications – A review. Eurasian J. Anal. Chem. 4(1):1-35.
  54. Zuhair, A. A. (2015). Khammas, Rana Abbas Rashid," Mutual Determination of Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride and Vanadium (V) Ions in Real Matrices by Visible Spectrophotometry After Cloud Point Extraction. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 3(5), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.14
Recommended Articles
Original Article Open Access
A FRAMEWORK OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND RELATED PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
Navneet Kumar Verma
2025, Volume 4, Issue 4 : 26-34
Loading Image... Download PDF
Research Article Open Access
Spectroscopic and Thermal Studies of Some Palladium(II) Complexes with 2-amino-4-(4-subsistuted phenyl)thiazole Derivatives
Thaaer K. Maki AL-Jaffer , 
Zeki O Naser , 
Ali Jameel Hameed
2022, Volume 1, Issue 2 : 78-82
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v1i2.104
Loading Image... Download PDF
Research Article Open Access
The Role of Vitamin D and Zinc In Facing COVID-19 Injury
Yazi Abdullah Jassima
2022, Volume 1, Issue 1 : 6-10
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v1i1.76
Loading Image... Download PDF
Research Article Open Access
Design and Synthesis Ligands Tetradents Substituted with Halogenes in α- Position and Conjugation with Riboflavin (Bioconjugates)
Nasser Thallaj
2022, Volume 1, Issue 2 : 47-56
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v1i2.85
Loading Image... Download PDF
Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences journal thumbnail
Volume 3, Issue 3
Downloads
pdf Download PDF xml Download XML
Citations
2 Views
0 Downloads
Share this article
Share icon
Share on Facebook Share on LinkedIn
Share on Twitter
License
Copyright (c) Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences
Creative Commons Attribution License Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All papers should be submitted electronically. All submitted manuscripts must be original work that is not under submission at another journal or under consideration for publication in another form, such as a monograph or chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Further, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in the Journal unless they receive approval for doing so from the Editor-In-Chief.
Biomed. Chem. Sci. open access articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This license lets the audience to give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made and if they remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute contributions under the same license as the original.
Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences Logo
Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences
About Us
Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences (BCS), an international journal, publishes double blind peer-reviewed full-length, original papers, reviews or letters. BCS covers the latest developments in various fields of biomedicine such as cardiology, immunology, genetics, environmental health, neurology, oncology and toxicology
Support
visit www.bcsjournal.org
Follow Us
facebook twitter linkedin mendeley research-gate
© Copyright Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences (BCS). All Rights Reserved.